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London Marathon

Coordinates: 51°28′22″N 00°00′34″E / 51.47278°N 0.00944°E / 51.47278; 0.00944
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London Marathon
DateApril
LocationLondon, United Kingdom
Event typeRoad
DistanceMarathon
Primary sponsorTCS
Established29 March 1981; 43 years ago (1981-03-29)
Course recordsMen: 2:01:25 (Kelvin Kiptum, 2023)
Women: 2:15:25 (Paula Radcliffe, 2003)
Wheelchair men: 1:23:44 (Marcel Hug, 2023)
Wheelchair women: 1:38:24 (Catherine Debrunner, 2022)
Official sitewww.tcslondonmarathon.com Edit this at Wikidata
2024 London Marathon

The London Marathon (also known as the TCS London Marathon for sponsorship reasons) is an annual marathon held in London, England. Founded by athletes Chris Brasher and John Disley in 1981, it is typically held in April, although it moved to October for 2020, 2021, and 2022 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The largely flat course is set around the River Thames, starting in Blackheath and finishing at The Mall. Hugh Brasher (son of Chris) is the current race director and Nick Bitel its chief executive.

The race has several components: it has a mass race for the public, professional races for men and women long-distance runners, elite level wheelchair races for men and women, plus a 3-mile mini marathon event for under-17 athletes. There is a significant charity running aspect to the marathon, with participants helping to raise over £1 billion since its founding, including £67 million at the 2024 London Marathon which was the highest amount for a single-day fund-raising event.[1]

Since 2006, the elite race has been part of the World Marathon Majors, which includes seven of the world's top level marathon races. The London Marathon has seen the marathon world record broken on seven occasions: Khalid Khannouchi broke the men's record in 2002, while women's records have been broken by Grete Waitz (1983), Ingrid Kristiansen (1985), Paula Radcliffe (2002, 2003, 2005) and Mary Jepkosgei Keitany (2017). The current elite course records are held by Kelvin Kiptum (2:01:25 in 2023) and Paula Radcliffe (2:15:25 in 2003). The current wheelchair course records are held by Marcel Hug (1:23:44 in 2023) and Catherine Debrunner (1:38:24 in 2022). The race often has a title sponsorship, it has been branded the "TCS London Marathon" since 2022.

Editions

[edit]
Edition Date Applicants Accepted Starters Finishers Charity raised
(£ millions) 		Official charity
1 29 March 1981 20,000 7,747 7,055 6,255 —
2 9 May 1982 90,000 18,059 16,350 15,116 —
3 17 April 1983 60,000 19,735 16,500 15,793 —
4 13 May 1984 70,000 21,142 16,992 15,675
5 21 April 1985 83,000 22,274 17,500 15,873
6 20 April 1986 80,000 25,566 19,261 18,067 British Sports Association for the Disabled (autistic)
7 10 May 1987 80,000 28,364 21,485 19,586 Farnham Park Trust
8 17 April 1988 73,000 29,979 22,469 20,932 SportsAid
9 23 April 1989 72,000 31,772 24,452 22,701 The Evelina Family Trust
Special Olympics
10 22 April 1990 73,000 34,882 26,500 25,013 Battle of Britain Appeal
Community Action Trust
11 21 April 1991 79,000 33,485 24,500 23,435 Action on Addiction
Royal Marsden Cancer Research
12 12 April 1992 83,000 34,250 24,500 23,833 Guy's Hospital
Evelina London Children's Hospital
Tuskforce
13 18 April 1993 68,000 35,820 25,000 24,495 St John Ambulance
Snowden Award Scheme
14 17 April 1994 72,000 37,379 26,000 25,242 British Heart Foundation
Childline
15 2 April 1995 79,000 39,097 27,000 25,377 Leonard Cheshire Disability
Cancer Relief Macmillan
16 21 April 1996 68,000 39,173 27,134 26,806 British Heart Foundation
National Asthma Campaign
17 13 April 1997 78,000 39,813 29,500 29,189 British Heart Foundation
NSPCC
18 26 April 1998 96,000 42,228 30,663 29,972 Age Concern
Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Fund
19 18 April 1999 87,000 43,774 31,582 30,849 Whizz-Kidz
Leukaemia Research
20 16 April 2000 93,000 42,596 32,620 31,698 Mencap
21 22 April 2001 92,000 43,517 31,156 30,318 MS Society
22 14 April 2002 99,000 46,083 33,297 32,950 Outward Bound
FCWL
23 13 April 2003 111,000 45,629 32,746 32,324 Shelter
24 18 April 2004 108,000 45,219 32,746 32,012 Sense
British Heart Foundation
25 17 April 2005 132,000 47,969 35,600 35,300 Help the Hospices
26 23 April 2006 119,000 47,020 33,578 33,250 The Stroke Association
Anthony Nolan
27 22 April 2007 128,000 50,039 36,396 35,729 46.5 WellChild
28 13 April 2008 120,000 48,630 35,037 34,637 46.7 Heart UK
Spinal Injuries Association
29 26 April 2009 155,000 49,995 35,884 35,404 47.2 The Children's Trust
30 25 April 2010 163,000 51,378 36,956 36,666 50.6 CLIC Sargent
31 17 April 2011 163,926 50,532 35,303 34,872 51.8 Oxfam
32 22 April 2012 170,150 50,200 37,227 36,812 52.8 TeamPB
(Prostate Cancer Charity)
(Breast Cancer Care)
33 21 April 2013 167,449 48,323 34,631 34,381 53.0 YouthNet
Age UK
34 13 April 2014 169,682 49,872 36,337 35,977 53.2 Anthony Nolan
35 26 April 2015 172,888 51,696 38,020 37,793 54.1 Cancer Research UK
36 24 April 2016 247,069 53,152 39,523 39,140 59.4 NSPCC
37 23 April 2017 253,930 53,229 40,048 39,487 61.5 Heads Together
38 22 April 2018 386,050 54,685 40,926 40,220 63.7 Teenage Cancer Trust
39 28 April 2019 414,168 56,398 42,906 42,549 66.4[1] Dementia Revolution
40 4 October 2020 457,861 77 77 61 Mencap
41 3 October 2021 Macmillan
42 2 October 2022 British Heart Foundation
43 23 April 2023 49,675 49,272 43,965[2] 63.0[3] Great Ormond Street Hospital
44 21 April 2024 578,374[4] 65,725[5] 54,218[6] 53,000[7] 67.0[8] Samaritans
45 27 April 2025 840,318[9] Pancreatic Cancer UK
  • All information from official website.[10][11]

NOTE: The 2020 race was restricted to elite athletes in able-bodied (30 for each sex) and invited wheelchair athletes.

History

[edit]
2006 winner Felix Limo (left) and 2005, 2007 & 2008 winner Martin Lel (right)

The London Marathon was not the first long-distance running event held in the city, which has a long history of marathon events. The Polytechnic Marathon (also known as the Poly) was first held in 1909.[12]

The current London Marathon was founded in 1981 by Olympic champion and journalist Chris Brasher and athlete John Disley.[13][14] Shortly after completing the New York City Marathon in November 1979 Brasher wrote an article for The Observer newspaper which began:

To believe this story you must believe that the human race be one joyous family, working together, laughing together, achieving the impossible. Last Sunday, in one of the most trouble-stricken cities in the world, 11,532 men and women from 40 countries in the world, assisted by over a million black, white and yellow people, laughed, cheered and suffered during the greatest folk festival the world has seen.[15]

The first London Marathon was held on 29 March 1981, more than 20,000 applied to run. 6,747 were accepted and 6,255 crossed the finish line on Constitution Hill. The Marathon's popularity has steadily grown since then. As at 2009, 746,635 people have completed the race since its inception.[13] In 2010, 36,549 people crossed the line, the biggest field since the race began.[16] The first wheelchair marathon race was held in 1983 and the event was credited with reducing the stigma surrounding disabled athletes.[17] In 2013 the IPC Athletics Marathon World Cup was held within the London Marathon featuring athletes of both genders in the T42–T46 and T11–T13 categories.[18] In August 2013 it was announced that the event would be staged in London until 2017 and feature athletes in the T11-T12, T13, T42-T44, T43, T45-46, T51-52 and the T53-54 class.[19]

For many years the London and Polytechnic Marathons competed with each other until, in 1996, the latter folded in due to the popularity of the former.[12]

Following the Boston Marathon bombing, organisers of the 2013 London Marathon undertook a review of their security arrangements, despite no specific threats against the event.[20] A 30-second silence was held before the start of the marathon to show respect and support to those affected by the tragedy.[21]

Organisation

[edit]

The race is currently organised by Hugh Brasher, son of Chris, as race director and Nick Bitel as chief executive. Previously David Bedford and Bitel had overseen a period of great change for the race, including amendments to the course in 2005 which saw the cobbled section by the Tower of London replaced with a flat stretch along the Highway.[22]

Dan Tunstall Pedoe was the medical director of the London Marathon for 25 years between the first one in 1981 until 2005. In 2003, Pedoe was shadowed by Sanjay Sharma from St George's Hospital (University of London) who took over the role in its entirety in 2006.[23] Medical cover is provided by 150 doctors. Also assisting were more than 1,500 volunteers of St. John Ambulance, who organise over 50 first aid posts along the route, and three field hospitals at the finish. St John Ambulance also provide a number of healthcare professions for the event, including nurses, paramedics, ambulances with crews.[24]

The BBC covers the event, devoting rolling coverage for most of the morning. The theme music associated with this coverage, and with the event itself, is called "Main Titles to The Trap", composed by Ron Goodwin for the film The Trap.

Men's Wheelchair competitors at Shooter's Hill, 13 April 2008

There are three separate groups of starters: Elite Women, Wheelchair (Men and Women), and Elite Men followed by Mass Race.[25]

Course

[edit]
Course map
The top three men, Samuel Wanjiru, Tsegay Kebede, and Jaouad Gharib, near the end of the 2009 marathon

The marathon is run over a largely flat course around the River Thames, and spans 42.195 kilometres (26.219 mi).[26]

The route has markers at one mile intervals. Although the race publicity (athlete advice, timing charts and so on) is mile-oriented,[27] the individual timing splits that are available to competitors after the event are kilometre-oriented.[28]

The course begins at three separate points: the 'red start' in southern Greenwich Park on Charlton Way, the 'green start' in St John's Park, and the 'blue start' on Shooter's Hill Road.[29] From these points around Blackheath at 35 m (115 ft) above sea level, south of the River Thames, the route heads east through Charlton. The three courses converge after 4.5 km (2.8 miles) in Woolwich, close to the Royal Artillery Barracks.[29][30]

As the runners reach the 10 km mark (6.2-mile), they pass by the Old Royal Naval College and head towards Cutty Sark drydocked in Greenwich. Heading next into Deptford and Surrey Quays/Rotherhithe in the Docklands, and out towards Bermondsey, competitors race along Jamaica Road before reaching the half-way point as they cross Tower Bridge. Running east again along The Highway through Wapping, competitors head up towards Limehouse and into Mudchute in the Isle of Dogs via Westferry Road, before heading into Canary Wharf.[29][30]

As the route leads away from Canary Wharf into Poplar, competitors run west down Poplar High Street back towards Limehouse and on through Commercial Road. They then move back onto The Highway, onto Lower and Upper Thames Streets. Heading into the final leg of the race, competitors pass The Tower of London on Tower Hill. In the penultimate mile along The Embankment, the London Eye comes into view, before the athletes turn right into Birdcage Walk to complete the final 352 m (385 yards), catching the sights of Big Ben and Buckingham Palace, and finishing in The Mall alongside St. James's Palace.[29][30] This final section of the route formed part of the 2012 Olympic Marathon Course.

Since the first marathon, the course has undergone very few route changes. In the first race, the course took a diversion around Southwark Park before re-joining Jamaica Road on the way to Tower Bridge and was routed through St Katherine Docks past the Tower Hotel, en route to the Tower of London and the cobblestoned stretch of road that in later years was carpeted, to help runners prevent injury on the uneven surface. In 1982, the finishing post was moved from Constitution Hill to Westminster Bridge due to construction works. It remained there for twelve years before moving to its present location at The Mall. In 2005, the route around the Isle of Dogs between 22 and 34 kilometres (14 and 21 mi) was switched from a clockwise to an anti-clockwise direction, and at 35 km (22 miles) the route was diverted to avoid St Katherine Docks and the cobblestoned area near the Tower of London. In 2008, a suspected gas leak at a pub in Wapping diverted the course, but in 2009 the race followed the same path as in 2007.[31][32]

Since 2012 mile 21 has become a significant cheer zone with Run Dem Crew transforming the stretch of Commercial Road outside the former Limehouse Town Hall into a street party with music and confetti cannons.[33]

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the 2020 London Marathon was run on a non-traditional course, consisting of 19.6 laps of length 2.15 kilometres (1.34 mi) around St James's Park, taking in The Mall, Horse Guards Parade, Birdcage Walk and Buckingham Palace. The final circuit was 1,345 metres (0.84 mi) along the Mall, following the finish line of the traditional London Marathon course.[34]

Results

[edit]
Main article: List of winners of the London Marathon
Paula Radcliffe, women's winner of the 2005 race

London is one of the top six world marathons that form the World Marathon Majors competition with a million prize purse.[35] The inaugural marathon had 7,741 entrants, 6,255 of whom completed the race.[36] The first Men's Elite Race in 1981 was tied between American Dick Beardsley and Norwegian Inge Simonsen, who crossed the finish line holding hands in 2 hours, 11 minutes, 48 seconds.[37] The first Women's Elite Race, also in 1981, was won by Briton Joyce Smith in 2:29:57.[37] In 1983, the first wheelchair races took place. Organized by the British Sports Association for the Disabled (BASD), 19 people competed and 17 finished. Gordon Perry of the United Kingdom won the Men's Wheelchair Race, coming in at 3:20:07, and Denise Smith, also of the UK, won the Women's Wheelchair Race in 4:29:03.[38]

World records for marathon running have been set several times. Khalid Khannouchi, representing the United States, set the men's world record in 2:05:38 in 2002. The following year, British runner Paula Radcliffe set the women's world record in 2:15:25 (later briefly downgraded to "world best" by the IAAF as it was achieved in a mixed race,[39] but restored to the title of "world Record" shortly thereafter); in 2017 Mary Keitany of Kenya set a world record of 2:17:01 for an all-women's marathon. Previous women's world records were set in 1983 and 1985 by Grete Waitz and Ingrid Kristiansen respectively, both of Norway. The current men's course record is 2:01:25 set by Kenyan Kelvin Kiptum in 2023. Marcel Hug of Switzerland set the Men's Wheelchair Race course record at 1:26:27 in 2021, and the Women's equivalent was set by Swiss athlete Manuela Schär in 2021, with 1:39:52.[40]

Amateur runners

[edit]
Amateur runners in the race running along Victoria Embankment

The race attracts amateur runners who make up the bulk of the thirty thousand or more participants; commonly running in fancy dress for charity causes.

In 2002, Lloyd Scott completed the marathon wearing a deep sea diving suit that weighed a total of 110 lb (50 kg), with each shoe weighing 24 lb (11 kg); he also set a record for the slowest London Marathon time.[41] On 19 April 2003, former boxer Michael Watson, who had been told he would never be able to walk again after a fight with Chris Eubank, made headlines by finishing the marathon in six days. In 2006, Sir Steve Redgrave (winner of five consecutive Olympic gold medals) set a new Guinness World Record for money raised through a marathon by collecting £1.8 million in sponsorship. This broke the record set the previous year by the founder of the Oasis Trust, Steve Chalke, who had collected over £1.25 million. In 2011, Chalke raised a new record £2.32 million.[42] The £500 that Claire Squires collected before the race increased to over £1 million after she died having collapsed during the 2012 race.[43]

A small number of runners, known as the "Ever Presents", have completed each of the London Marathons since 1981. When the list was first established in 1995, there were 42. After 2019, their number has shrunk to 10. At the running of the 2019 event, the oldest runner was 85-year old Kenneth Jones, whilst the youngest runner was 60-year-old Chris Finill. They are all male.[44]

Entry

[edit]

There are multiple ways that runners can enter the London Marathon. The breakdown of places is not publicly shared by the organisation. As of 2023, the available places are generally considered to be distributed approximately as follows:

  • Charity (25,000[45])
  • General Ballot (approximately 17,000 (estimated))
  • Good For Age Entry (6,000[46])
  • Championship (1,000[47])
  • Affiliated Running Clubs (1,515[48])
  • Celebrity (100)
  • Elite (100)

As well as a small number of places distributed directly to overseas ballot, tour operators and those deferred from previous editions.

Charity

[edit]

The majority of runners at the London Marathon do so using a Charity Place. To obtain this, they commit to raising a minimum amount for a registered charitable cause. In contrast to the other World Marathon Majors and other international events, London Marathon has a bigger focus on charity running than other similar events. London Marathon participants have helped to raise over £1 billion since its founding, including £67 million (dated to Apr 24 2024) at the 2024 London Marathon which was the highest amount for a single-day fund-raising event.

General Ballot

[edit]

In recent years, following the growth in popularity of recreational running,[49] it has become increasingly difficult to obtain a place via the general ballot or lottery. In 2024, success in the ballot is estimated to be below 3%. There have been a number of changes in recent years to address the increase in applications (online applications, removal of multi-ballot entry guarantee etc.). The 2025 event ballot received more than 840,000 applications, exceeding the record of 578,000 previously set by the 2024 ballot.[50]

Good for age

[edit]

The Good-for-Age entry route is the entry route for the majority of "competitive" runners. The aim of the good-for-age category is to provide places for those who achieve a sufficiently fast age-graded time. Due to a greater number of men meeting the Good-for-age criteria, places were capped at 3,000 entries for each gender to ensure an even gender split. This has led to the reduction in the Good for Age mens times in recent years. There is a 10% difference in the marathon World Record pace, but a 26% difference in the London Marathon Good for Age entry times. London Marathon is now harder to enter for men than Boston.

Mini Marathon

[edit]

The Virgin Money Giving Mini London Marathon is the sister of The London Marathon. The course is the last 3 mi (4.8 km) of the London Marathon and is for under-13s, under-15s and under-17s from all 33 London Boroughs along with 13 teams from ten English regions and three Home Countries: Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. There is also a Mini Wheelchair race on the day.[51] The race doubles as the British Athletics 3mile Championships.

BBC live coverage

[edit]
2019 London Marathon finishers medal

The BBC has broadcast live coverage of the London Marathon since its inception in 1981[52] and has broadcast the race in full since 1984. Originally hosted out-of-vision by David Coleman, more recently the main presenters on BBC One have been Sue Barker, Jonathan Edwards and Gabby Logan. The highlight presenters on BBC Two have been Jonathan Edwards (2007–12), Sonali Shah (2013), and Helen Skelton (2014–15). The commentators for the Marathon on the BBC were David Coleman, Ron Pickering, Brendan Foster, Paul Dickinson, Steve Cram, Andrew Cotter, Stuart Storey, Paula Radcliffe, Dame Tanni Grey-Thompson, Liz McColgan, and Rob Walker.

Theme tune

[edit]

The theme tune used by the BBC every year is from the film score of The Trap, a 1966 film about a Canadian fur trapper, starring Oliver Reed and Rita Tushingham. The music was written by Ron Goodwin and is performed by the Bournemouth Symphony Orchestra.[53][54]

Sponsorship and marketing

[edit]
Logo used from 2013 to 2021 under Virgin Money sponsorship

The original sponsors of the London Marathon were Gillette, who sponsored the event from 1981 to 1983. Subsequent sponsors have been Mars (1984–1988), ADT (1989–1992), NutraSweet (1993–1995), and Flora (1996–2009).[55][56] Virgin Money sponsored the marathon from 2010, after signing a five-year £17m sponsorship deal in 2008.[57] In April 2013, the London Marathon renewed its sponsorship deal with Virgin Money for a further five years and the race changed its name to the Virgin Money London Marathon.[58][59] In 2021 it was announced that Indian consultancy company Tata Consultancy Services would take over sponsorship of the London Marathon from 2022.[60]

A number of other companies and organisations also use the event for brand identification and marketing, including New Balance,[61] Lucozade Sport,[62] and Fuller's Brewery.[63]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b 2019 Virgin Money London Marathon smashes world fundraising record[permanent dead link‍]. London Marathon (25 September 2019). Retrieved 26 April 2020.
  2. ^ [1]. Two course records and a pair of spectacular races crown the biggest ever London Marathon
  3. ^ 2023 TCS London Marathon raises £63 million for charity, TCS London Marathon Official Press Release
  4. ^ Most ballot entries for a marathon event, Guinness Records
  5. ^ London Marathon 2024: Elite runners, world record bids, GB athletes to watch, celebrities and weather, BBC
  6. ^ Records tumble as London celebrates its biggest marathon, TCS London Marathon Official Press Release
  7. ^ "The 2024 London Marathon – in numbers". Runner's World. 23 April 2024. Retrieved 29 April 2024.
  8. ^ "The 2024 London Marathon – in numbers". www.runnersworld.com. 23 April 2024. Retrieved 29 April 2024.
  9. ^ "Record numbers apply for 2025 London Marathon". BBC News. 29 April 2024. Retrieved 29 April 2024.
  10. ^ Stats and Figures Archived 23 March 2020 at the Wayback Machine. London Marathon. Retrieved 26 April 2020.
  11. ^ 2019 London Marathon Media Guide[permanent dead link‍]. London Marathon. Retrieved 26 April 2020.
  12. ^ a b "Kingston Harriers, The Polytechnic Marathon, a short history". Archived from the original on 9 October 2007.
  13. ^ a b "Virgin London Marathon – Background". Archived from the original on 6 May 2009. Retrieved 29 April 2009.
  14. ^ "Runner's World, Vol. 42, No. 1". Runner's World Magazine. 2016. Rodale, Inc.: 82 January 2007. ISSN 0897-1706. Retrieved 30 September 2010.
  15. ^ "The London Marathon story". BBC Online. 7 April 2004. Retrieved 14 May 2012.
  16. ^ "Record Numbers Finish Virgin London Marathon". Archived from the original on 15 July 2012. Retrieved 30 April 2010.
  17. ^ London Marathon. Museum of London. Retrieved on 29 April 2009.
  18. ^ "IPC Athletics partners with London Marathon". Paralympic.org. 21 April 2013. Retrieved 2 June 2017.
  19. ^ "British Athletics Official Website | New event added to 2014 IPC Athletics Marathon World Cup". Britishathletics.org.uk. 19 November 2013. Archived from the original on 27 November 2013. Retrieved 2 June 2017.
  20. ^ "London to review marathon security". 3 News NZ. 16 April 2013. Archived from the original on 13 June 2013. Retrieved 16 April 2013.
  21. ^ "London Marathon: 30 seconds of silence for Boston". BBC News. BBC. Retrieved 21 April 2013.
  22. ^ "Flora London Marathon website: Marathon History: Course History". Archived from the original on 9 May 2006. Retrieved 1 February 2007.
  23. ^ Amby Burfoot (December 2008). "Runner's World, Vol. 43, No. 12". Runner's World Magazine. 2016. Rodale, Inc.: 116. ISSN 0897-1706. Retrieved 1 October 2010.
  24. ^ "london marathon". www.pponline.co.uk. Archived from the original on 13 August 2004. Retrieved 1 October 2010.
  25. ^ [2] Archived 7 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine
  26. ^ Steve Cram (presenter) (26 April 2009). "The 2009 London Marathon Highlights". London Marathon. British Broadcasting Corporation. BBC Two.
  27. ^ "2011 Race information – Mile markers". Virgin London Marathon. Archived from the original on 19 January 2011. Retrieved 28 January 2011.
  28. ^ "Race results and reports". Virgin London Marathon. Archived from the original on 22 January 2011. Retrieved 28 January 2011.
  29. ^ a b c d "Interactive Marathon Map". BBC News. 23 April 2009. Retrieved 13 May 2009.
  30. ^ a b c Storey, Peter; Onanuga, Tola; Murphy, Sam; Ashdown, John (23 April 2009). "London Marathon 2009: Mile-by-mile route map". The Guardian. Retrieved 13 May 2009.
  31. ^ Gliddon, Abigail; Onanuga, Tola (24 April 2009). "London Marathon: A brief history". The Guardian. Retrieved 13 May 2009.
  32. ^ "History of the London Marathon – Course History". London Marathon. Archived from the original on 13 May 2009. Retrieved 13 May 2009.
  33. ^ Egere-Cooper, Matilda. "In pictures: Run Dem Crew's Mile 21 cheer zone at The London Marathon". Time Out London.
  34. ^ "First look at the 2020 London Marathon course". Athletics Weekly. 3 September 2020. Archived from the original on 13 September 2020. Retrieved 11 September 2020.
  35. ^ "World Marathon Majors". worldmarathonmajors.com. Archived from the original on 23 April 2011. Retrieved 30 September 2010.
  36. ^ "History of the London Marathon – In the Beginning". London Marathon. Archived from the original on 6 May 2009. Retrieved 12 May 2009.
  37. ^ a b "1981 Race Report". London Marathon. 1981. Archived from the original on 5 January 2011. Retrieved 28 March 2021.
  38. ^ "1983 Race Report". London Marathon. Archived from the original on 21 April 2017. Retrieved 12 May 2009.
  39. ^ "Radcliffe to lose records. Marathon queen unhappy at losing world record mark". Sky Sports. 25 October 2011. Retrieved 7 September 2013.
  40. ^ "London Marathon 2021: Marcel Hug & Manuela Schar win wheelchair title…". Archived from the original on 3 October 2021.
  41. ^ "BBC News | UK | Marathon man erodes lead boots". BBC News. London: BBC. 17 April 2002. Retrieved 23 April 2012.
  42. ^ "Oasis Trust". Oasisuk.org. Retrieved 22 April 2012.
  43. ^ Hill, Amelia (30 January 2013). "Claire Squires: amphetamine stimulant 'had role' in runner's fatal heart attack". The Guardian. Retrieved 8 September 2020.
  44. ^ Mike Peel. "Ever Present Home Page". Everpresent.org.uk. Retrieved 14 April 2014.
  45. ^ "Charity entry". www.tcslondonmarathon.com. Retrieved 22 April 2024.
  46. ^ "Good For Age entry". TCS London Marathon. Retrieved 22 April 2024.
  47. ^ "Championship entry". www.tcslondonmarathon.com. Retrieved 22 April 2024.
  48. ^ "British Athletics club entry". TCS London Marathon. Retrieved 22 April 2024.
  49. ^ Edwards, Phil (9 August 2015). "When running for exercise was for weirdos". Vox. Retrieved 22 April 2024.
  50. ^ "Record numbers apply for 2025 London Marathon". BBC News. 29 April 2024. Retrieved 29 April 2024.
  51. ^ "Virgin Mini London Marathon – Home". www.minimarathon.co.uk. Archived from the original on 3 September 2012. Retrieved 30 September 2010.
  52. ^ "London Marathon to stay on BBC". Sport on the Box. 20 April 2012. Retrieved 26 April 2015.
  53. ^ "The Trap - The London Marathon Theme". BBC Music. Retrieved 22 April 2018.
  54. ^ "Ron Goodwin: The Trap". Classic fm. Retrieved 22 April 2018.
  55. ^ "Virgin London Marathon". www.virginlondonmarathon.com. Archived from the original on 24 September 2010. Retrieved 30 September 2010.
  56. ^ Jefkins, Frank; Jefkins, Frank William; Yadin, Daniel (2000). Advertising – Google Books. Financial Times Prentice Hall. ISBN 9780273634355. Retrieved 30 September 2010.
  57. ^ Rutherford, Scott (17 May 2008). "Sir Richard Branson's company to sponsor London Marathon". The Times. Retrieved 8 September 2020.
  58. ^ Duff, Alex (22 April 2013). "London Marathon Extends Sponsorship With Virgin Money to 2017". Bloomberg. Retrieved 8 September 2020.
  59. ^ "How To Watch 41st London Marathon 2021 Live Stream Reddit Online TV Channels? - Sports Report". 2 October 2021. Archived from the original on 2 October 2021. Retrieved 2 October 2021.
  60. ^ Carp, Sam (8 June 2021). "London Marathon secures Tata title sponsorship ahead of Virgin Money exit". sportspromedia. Retrieved 5 September 2021.
  61. ^ "Home – Virgin Money London Marathon". www.virginmoneylondonmarathon.com. Archived from the original on 25 July 2016. Retrieved 20 March 2017.
  62. ^ "Lucozade Sport becomes longest-standing incumbent partner". www.tcslondonmarathon.com. Retrieved 18 September 2023.
  63. ^ "INTRODUCING OUR LONDON MARATHON TEAM". 25 April 2019. Retrieved 18 September 2023.
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